Biélorussie : la couverture mobile

Ce que veulent dire les chiffres de Biélorussie

Deux nombres comptent et un seul est celui que tout le monde cite. Le débit habituel, 31 Mbit/s, dit à quoi ressemble un bon moment.

Le dixième centile, 7 Mbit/s, c'est celui qu'il faut lire. C'est le débit du dixième le plus mauvais de la journée, quand l'antenne au-dessus de la gare est saturée et que tout le monde autour de vous est dessus. Un pays à médiane haute et à plancher bas, c'est un pays qui marche à merveille jusqu'au moment où vous en avez vraiment besoin.

Si le voyage dépend des appels vidéo ou du partage de connexion, organise toi en fonction du chiffre en heure chargée plutôt que du débit habituel.

Ce qui se passe en Biélorussie quand le réseau est saturé

La congestion n'est pas une panne, c'est un mardi soir. La question est ce que votre eSIM peut y faire, et pour la plupart des eSIM de voyage la réponse est rien : un accord de gros par pays, un réseau, et aucune issue sauf acheter une deuxième eSIM chez quelqu'un d'autre, debout dans la rue.

Ici le trafic Orbislo passe par A1 et MTS. Quand le réseau où vous êtes se dégrade, nous vous basculons sur un autre, en plein voyage, sans que vous demandiez, et nous vous le disons après plutôt que de vous interrompre sur le moment.

Les opérateurs mobiles en Biélorussie

• Market overview: The communications ministry lists four mobile operators: A1, Mobile TeleSystems, the Belarusian Telecommunications Network and Belarusian Cloud Technologies, known as beCloud. Together they serve 11.84 million subscribers, more than 129.3 lines for every 100 residents.
• beCloud: beCloud, the single infrastructure operator behind the shared 4G network, grew it from 147 base stations to more than 8,000 in ten years, carries about 77 percent of mobile traffic over 4G and serves more than 7 million 4G subscribers.
• MTS: MTS calls itself the largest mobile operator in Belarus by subscribers. More than 80 percent of the 5G sites it switched on in April 2026 run on its own masts, power supply and transport network, which it rebuilt in advance for 5G capacity.
• A1: A1 Belarus has belonged to the A1 Group since 2007 and is the second largest private telecoms provider in the country. In 2024 it earned 449 million euros, 8 percent of group revenue, from mobile, fixed broadband, IPTV and data centre services.
• life: Turkcell took full ownership of the Belarusian Telecommunications Network, which trades as life, in December 2022 by buying the remaining 20 percent from the State Property Committee. It committed to invest at least 100 million dollars between 2022 and 2032.

La 5G en Biélorussie

• beCloud has run the 5G network since 1 January 2026 and opened it to all operators. life announced launch on 1 April 2026 with more than 1,000 5G base stations in Minsk, Brest, Vitebsk, Mogilev and Gomel, while Grodno was still being prepared.
• At launch, 5G on life worked only on certain Android models, and access depends on the phone's model and firmware as well as the signal. On Android the setting sits under mobile network type, where a mode including 5G must be chosen.
• MTS opened 5G on 3 April 2026 on more than 1,100 base stations in Minsk, Brest, Vitebsk, Gomel and Mogilev, after testing with beCloud from December 2025. A phone must support 5G in both hardware and software for Belarus to connect.
• From June 2026 MTS let inbound roamers use 5G on the same base stations as its own customers, starting with subscribers of Russia's MTS and Beeline, with other roaming partners still being prepared. Connection is automatic on a compatible phone.
• beCloud began testing 5G in 2020 in the 2500 to 2570 and 2620 to 2690 MHz bands and in 3400 to 3800 MHz. Test zones included Minsk Arena, parts of Minsk and Gomel, the national airport and robotic quarry machinery at the Sitnitskoye deposit.

Le réseau en Biélorussie : à savoir

• By mid 2026, UMTS covered 98.6 percent of the territory and LTE 94.6 percent. Measured by where people live, 3G reaches 99.9 percent of the population and LTE 99.6 percent, figures from the communications ministry.
• beCloud started LTE service in December 2015 as infrastructure operator under an investment agreement with the state. By 1 July 2024 LTE was available to 99 percent of the population and 3G to 99.9 percent.
• The single 4G network runs LTE in three bands: 800 MHz for wide rural coverage, 1800 MHz as the main band in towns, and 2600 MHz added on busy sites in Minsk, every regional centre and many district centres.
• 3G first ran at 2.1 GHz from 2010 and reached only 54 percent of the territory. After December 2015 decisions by the State Radio Frequency Commission, operators also ran 3G in the 900 MHz band, where a cell reaches about 20 percent further and signal penetrates buildings better.
• An extra 10 MHz in the 800 MHz band has been released for rural coverage, and operators must reinvest at least 20 percent of net profit in their networks. The stated aim is wider cell radius in remote villages and on main roads.
• Only the state operators Beltelecom and the National Traffic Exchange Center may connect to foreign networks, so every mobile operator's international internet traffic passes through these two state operators.