Luxembourg : la couverture mobile

Ce que veulent dire les chiffres de Luxembourg

Deux nombres comptent et un seul est celui que tout le monde cite. Le débit habituel, 91 Mbit/s, dit à quoi ressemble un bon moment.

Le dixième centile, 28 Mbit/s, c'est celui qu'il faut lire. C'est le débit du dixième le plus mauvais de la journée, quand l'antenne au-dessus de la gare est saturée et que tout le monde autour de vous est dessus. Un pays à médiane haute et à plancher bas, c'est un pays qui marche à merveille jusqu'au moment où vous en avez vraiment besoin.

Si le voyage dépend des appels vidéo ou du partage de connexion, organise toi en fonction du chiffre en heure chargée plutôt que du débit habituel.

Ce qui se passe en Luxembourg quand le réseau est saturé

La congestion n'est pas une panne, c'est un mardi soir. La question est ce que votre eSIM peut y faire, et pour la plupart des eSIM de voyage la réponse est rien : un accord de gros par pays, un réseau, et aucune issue sauf acheter une deuxième eSIM chez quelqu'un d'autre, debout dans la rue.

Ici le trafic Orbislo passe par POST et Orange. Quand le réseau où vous êtes se dégrade, nous vous basculons sur un autre, en plein voyage, sans que vous demandiez, et nous vous le disons après plutôt que de vous interrompre sur le moment.

Les opérateurs mobiles en Luxembourg

• POST Luxembourg: The incumbent operator held 50.3 percent of mobile subscriptions at the end of 2025, excluding machine-to-machine SIMs, a share the regulator describes as stable.
• POST Luxembourg: POST won 20 MHz in the 700 MHz band and 110 MHz in the 3.6 GHz band in the July 2020 auction, and builds its 5G network on Ericsson equipment, the same supplier as its earlier mobile network.
• Proximus Luxembourg (Tango): Proximus Luxembourg, which sells mobile service under the Tango brand, held 32.9 percent of mobile subscriptions at the end of 2025, up from 32.7 percent a year earlier.
• Proximus Luxembourg (Tango): Tango made the first 5G connections in Luxembourg on 26 April 2019, in its Bertrange laboratory, using 3.6 GHz spectrum the regulator lent it temporarily and non-standalone 5G equipment. Tango says it was also the first operator to launch 4G in the country, in 2012.
• Orange Luxembourg: Orange Communications Luxembourg held 15.8 percent of mobile subscriptions at the end of 2025, and the remaining 1.0 percent was spread across smaller providers.
• Luxembourg Online: Luxembourg Online won 10 MHz of the 3.6 GHz band in the 2020 auction, making it a fourth 5G spectrum holder alongside POST, Orange and Proximus, each of which also took 2 x 10 MHz in the 700 MHz band.

Les anciens réseaux en Luxembourg

• POST shut down its 3G network in 2022, so a phone that depends on 3G can no longer use that layer on the POST network.
• Tango and Telindus set January 2024 for switching off 3G, which by then carried under 1 percent of Tango's data traffic. The spectrum went to 5G, and phones limited to 3G could still make calls over 2G.
• Tango's mobile data network runs on 4G and 5G only, so an older phone without 4G support cannot get mobile internet on it.
• The Orange group announced in February 2022 that in Luxembourg it would switch off 3G by 2025 and phase out 2G by 2030, with the exact timing left to the local subsidiary's own plan.

La 5G en Luxembourg

• Luxembourg awarded 5G spectrum in its first ever spectrum auction, in July 2020. Five bidders took part, and the licences for the 700 MHz and 3.6 GHz bands run for 15 years for a total of 41,330,000 euros.
• The 5G licences carry coverage obligations: service in the City of Luxembourg by around the end of 2020, and national 5G coverage by 2025 at the latest.
• Orange switched on 5G on 23 November 2020, starting in Luxembourg City and the neighbouring areas of Bertrange, Strassen, Kirchberg and the airport. Existing Orange customers got 5G automatically, with no action needed.
• At the end of 2025, 5G capable of 1 Gbps downloads reached 78.7 percent of households and premises, up from 75.8 percent a year earlier, but covered only about 29 percent of the land area.
• The fastest 5G is concentrated in the south, the capital and nearby communes, and northern towns such as Ettelbruck, Clervaux, Wiltz and Mersch. POST covers over 75 percent of the population at that level and Proximus almost 70 percent, with Orange below both.
• The 26 GHz millimetre wave band and the 1.4 GHz band have not been assigned to any operator. The mobile bands in use are 700, 800, 900 and 1800 MHz, and 2.1, 2.6 and 3.6 GHz.

Le réseau en Luxembourg : à savoir

• Luxembourg caps the electromagnetic field from a base station at 3 V/m per antenna in residential areas, among the strictest limits in Europe. Every base station needs approval from the environment ministry and the labour inspectorate (ITM), which check emission levels.
• Near a border a phone can attach to an antenna in the neighbouring country even while physically in Luxembourg, and can connect to a neighbouring cell rather than the one covering its exact spot.
• Foreign phones use Luxembourg networks more every year. Data used by foreign customers roaming on them rose 32.8 percent in 2025 and has almost doubled since 2023, while their voice minutes and texts fell by more than half.
• Luxembourg had 1,016,900 mobile SIM cards at the end of 2025, a penetration rate of 149 percent. Only 24,500 were prepaid, down 22.4 percent in a year, and the average mobile internet user consumed 13.1 GB a month.
• Tango supports voice over LTE and Wi-Fi calling, which work on iPhone 6 and later and on Samsung Galaxy S8 and newer models once switched on in the phone's settings.
• The regulator publishes coverage maps for every operator and service quality level, refreshed from data it collects from the operators twice a year, on its own website and on the national Geoportail.